Early Epidemiological Observation

John Snow located the home of each person who died from cholera in London during 1848–49 and 1853–54, and noted an apparent association between the source of drinkingwater and the deaths. He compared cholera deaths in districts with different water supplies and showed that both the number of deaths and the rate of deaths were higher among people supplied water by the Southwark company. On the basis of his meticulous research, Snow constructed a theory about the communication of infectious diseases and suggested that cholera was spread by contaminated water. He was able to encourage improvements in the water supply long before the discovery of the organism responsible for cholera; his research had a direct and far-reaching impact on public policy.

Snow’s work reminds us that public health measures, such as the improvement of water supplies and sanitation, have made enormous contributions to the health of populations, and that in many cases since 1850, epidemiological studies have identified the appropriate measures to take. It is noteworthy, however, that outbreaks of cholera are still frequent among poor populations, especially in developing countries.

In 2006, Angola reported 40 000 cholera cases and 1600 deaths; Sudan reported 13 852 cases resulting in 516 deaths in the first few months of the year.

Epidemiology and Public Health

Public health, broadly speaking, refers to collective actions to improve population health. Epidemiology, one of the tools for improving public health, is used in several ways. Early studies in epidemiology were concerned with the causes (etiology) of communicable diseases, and such work continues to be essential since it can lead to the identification of preventive methods. In this sense, epidemiology is a basic medical science with the goal of improving the health of populations, and especially the health of the disadvantaged.

Definition, scope, and uses of epidemiology

Definition

Epidemiology as defined by Last is “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems”

Epidemiologists are concerned not only with death, illness and disability, but also with more positive health states and, most importantly, with the means to improve health. The term “disease” encompasses all unfavorable health changes, including injuries and mental health.

Scope

A focus of an epidemiological study is the population defined in geographical or other terms; for example, a specific group of hospital patients or factory workers could be the unit of study. A common population used in epidemiology is one selected from a specific area or country at a specific time. This forms the base for defining subgroups with respect to sex, age group or ethnicity. The structures of populations vary between geographical areas and time periods. Epidemiological analyses must take such variation into account.

The Historical Context of Epidemiology

Origins

Epidemiology originates from Hippocrates’ observation more than 2000 years ago that environmental factors influence the occurrence of disease. However, it was not until the nineteenth century that the distribution of disease in specific human population groups was measured to any large extent. This work marked not only the formal beginnings of epidemiology but also some of its most spectacular achievements. The finding by John Snow  that the risk of cholera in London was related to the drinking of water supplied by a particular company provides a well-known. Snow’s epidemiological studies were one aspect of a wide-ranging series of investigations that examined related physical, chemical, biological, sociological and political processes.

Voices

The Middle of Two Thousand and Ten have passed away. There are still many tasks that must be completed. Completing the daily routine reporting deadlines to keep four of my blogs as well.
Task deadlines are:

• Creating and editing epidemiology textbook
• Ready to facing outbreak
• Prepared weekly reports
• Prepared monthly reports
• Tidy up files, dealing with supervision visit Provincial Health Office

In addition, the daily tasks that are not less important is as I mentioned above, make a written order to the four blogs / homepages that I manage to still exist in cyberspace. All this is very important, and make the scale of priorities should have been doing this I have now.

However, be thankful I can still work. Maintaining fitness and wellness course very important and valuable in facing the challenges of life. Keep Fight, yasz !

Epidemiology Basics

Definition
Epidemiology is derived from Greek Epi (Epic) = above / against, Demo (Demos) = Community and logy (Logos) = Sciences.

Some Definition of Epidemiology:

• Epidemiology is a science that studies all the factors related to events in society such as the emergence, spread and effects caused by certain infectious diseases.

• Epidemiology is a branch of health science to analyze the nature and distribution of various health problems in a particular population and to study because of problems / health problems in order to prevent and overcome it.

• Epidemiology is the science that studies concerning DISTRIBUTION (dissemination) and determinant (determinant) of public health issues aimed at tackling health problems.

History of Epidemiology

History of epidemiology can not be separated by a period when humans began to recognize infectious disease. Although at that time ascribed to the source and cause of supernatural forces and spirits. Approximately 1000 years BC has been known variolasi in China to fight the disease variola, while

Nokia N82 Full Specification

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General
2G Network : GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
3G Network : HSDPA 2100
Announced : 2007, November
Status : Available. Released 2007, November